Land Surveying in Ancient Times - Egypt, Greece and Rome

Although today land surveying often makes useinches. The Egyptian land register, created around
of GPS, computer models, and other recent3000 BC, is the first known land ownership record.
technical developments, the profession ofThis record showed the owners of various areas
surveying actually dates back centuries. Evidenceof land and also recorded the locations of this land.
of surveying techniques can be found throughoutSurveys such as those used to create the land
much of recorded history. In fact, land surveyingregister were based on geometry, as well as
principles date back nearly as far as the idea ofdeclarations by land owners of the believed
land ownership. As soon as individuals or groupsboundaries of their land.
owned specified areas of land, there was a needIn ancient Babylon around 1200 BC, a limestone
to describe or delineate who owned what,tablet known as the Babylonian Kudurru was
particularly to solve land disputes. This is whereinscribed and set in the land. This boundary stone,
land surveying came in, although of course todaythe earliest known example of one, held the
land surveying is utilized for many other purposesdescription of the property, the name of the
too.surveyor and the owner, and the ownership
Ancient Egyptian surveying activities werehistory. This stone also contained lengthy curses
particularly modern for their time period. Whenfor anyone who would deny the owner's right to
the Nile River overflowed its banks, washing outthe land or move the stone. This early tablet
the existing boundaries between farms, theserepresents one of today's land surveying
boundaries were re-established through the use ofmethods, which is the placing of a boundary stone
simple geometrical concepts by a surveyor. In thisor other marker at the corner of the property.
time, surveyors were known as rope stretchersBy 500 BC, the Greeks had adopted many
because the measuring device they used was aEgyptian surveying techniques. It is known that
knotted rope.mathematicians including Thales and Pythagoras
Other examples of ancient Egyptian surveyingtraveled to Egypt to study geometry, returning
prowess can be seen in the Great Pyramid ofto impart their knowledge on mathematicians and
Giza. Built around 2700 BC, the pyramid exhibitssurveyors in Greece. In Greece, legendary figures,
nearly perfect squareness and a north-southincluding Aristotle, Plato, and Archimedes made
orientation. Despite its massive size, its orientationthe city of Alexandria a great center of science,
and squareness are each off by only a matter ofsurveying, and related endeavors.