| Sand casting is a process, which is used to make | | | | mechanical and vibration method. Following this |
| or manufacture large components and equipment | | | | there is a separation process, which involves the |
| made out of brass, aluminum, iron and bronze. | | | | parting of the cope and the drag. The pattern is |
| The metal is first melted and then gently poured | | | | also removed with utmost care. |
| into a mould, which is made up of sand. | | | | The main idea is to remove the pattern without |
| The cavity in the sand is made in the following | | | | causing any damage to the mould cavity. The |
| method. The desired pattern is made that is of | | | | melted metal is later poured in the cup for |
| wood or resin in whatever shape that the sand | | | | pouring. This is a part of the process of gating, |
| caster wants the part to turn out. In rare cases, | | | | which does the job of providing the molten metal |
| the pattern may be made of metal. This pattern | | | | to the cavity of the mould. The gating process |
| is placed in a cavity in the sand. The cavity is | | | | has a vertical part, which is connected with the |
| usually housed in a flask which is box like. The | | | | pouring cup; this is called as the sprue. The |
| pattern is then packed into the moist sand. The | | | | runners are the horizontal part and the gates are |
| sand retains the shape of the pattern when it is | | | | the multiple joints to which it connects. |
| removed from the box. The person making the | | | | There are vents, which provide an extension of |
| sand cast also will create a reservoir called a riser | | | | the gating process. These vents do the job of |
| into which excess molten metal can flow. A | | | | providing a route for the gases, which are built up, |
| second mold is made for the upper part of the | | | | and the air, which is displaced into the |
| sand cast in a similar way. | | | | atmosphere. The cavity is made of a size slightly |
| The mould is usually made up of two parts. The | | | | larger than the desired piece in order to allow the |
| upper part is called as the cope and the lower | | | | metal to contract as the metal cools to a |
| part of the mould is called as the drag. The line, | | | | temperature where it solidifies, which is normal. |
| which separates the upper part and the lower | | | | Once the metal has had the chance to solidify and |
| part, is called as the parting line. The sand in part | | | | cool, the mold is opened and the metal part is |
| and the core print are the things, which fill in the | | | | removes. If there was a successful sand casting, |
| cope. The gating process and the core are made | | | | the new part should be a close replica of the |
| to be close to the parting line. The upper part is | | | | pattern. There may be small imperfections at the |
| the joined to the drag and the pattern is covered | | | | line that have to be removed with a file or |
| by covering it with sand. The methods, which help | | | | grinder. |
| to make the sand compact, are called the | | | | |