| Topographical surveys are very useful in public | | | | an in depth survey of the boundary and the |
| land surveys. This gives a clear picture of the | | | | residential surveys. The measurement is done |
| topography of the land along with the natural | | | | with or electronic instruments and the results are |
| features and the man made buildings in the | | | | seen as contour lines on maps of land and not as |
| particular piece of land. An exact figure regarding | | | | stakes or any other land marks. The methods of |
| all the features of the land including its size, height | | | | survey include aerial, ground survey or a |
| and the natural changes that have occurred in | | | | combination of both methods. |
| course of time is obtained. It includes details about | | | | For the purpose of public topographic survey, |
| the fencing of land, the hills, trees and buildings in | | | | topographic plans or maps are made. Hydro |
| that area. All the hills, valleys and streams in the | | | | graphic charts are also made to particular scales, |
| area can also be seen. Any other natural | | | | contour interval and accuracy is specified. It also |
| improvement that has been made in that area | | | | includes all types of surveying processes, |
| like, roads, bridges and railways are also marked. | | | | calculations for the survey and compilation |
| This kind of information is very important for | | | | procedures for all the information that is gathered |
| people who are property owners, owners of | | | | through the survey. |
| industrial sites and also people who are into the | | | | The topographical land survey helps architects and |
| business of constructing buildings. | | | | engineers to design buildings and develop property. |
| In the United States, the public land survey | | | | It is useful for making drainage and ditches. Details |
| system is the most common method of | | | | about elevation in an area, gives us an idea of the |
| subdividing and describing land. This also includes | | | | slope there and thus helps in deciding about |
| wild and undeveloped lands. All the lands in the | | | | building in that area. |
| United States are subjected to the rectangular | | | | The public survey system of the topography of a |
| system of survey and this is divided into six miles | | | | place is very essential for all the people who want |
| square townships. They are further divided into | | | | to have any dealing with buying, selling or |
| thirty six one mile square sections, which are | | | | constructing in a place. The topography has to be |
| further divided into quarter sections, | | | | clearly known, to know whether construction can |
| quarter-quarter sections and irregular plots. The | | | | take place there and what type of construction |
| public survey system has placed permanent | | | | can be made. The public utilities in the area will be |
| monuments to mark off the sections to locate | | | | clearly marked. You will be able to figure out |
| the plots. Originally the markers were only trees, | | | | where exactly the land is marked with the |
| rocks or wooden posts. Now the government has | | | | markers and what are all the natural and man |
| made permanent markers inscribed on tablets | | | | made feature in that area. |
| which are placed on iron rods or concrete. | | | | With all the above information that is available with |
| A topographic survey is needed whenever the | | | | surveying the topography of the public area, a |
| land is changing ownership, or when the owner | | | | person buying land, selling land or constructing a |
| wants to make any changes on the land. This is | | | | building will be able to decide what he wants to do |
| also known as contour survey. The distance from | | | | with the land. |
| the ground is measured. Horizontal surveys include | | | | |