Will GIS Do Away With the Need For Land Surveys?

In a word, no.hundred years to deal with the legal disputes that
Geographic Information Systems, along witharise over the precise location of property
Global Positioning Systems, are among theboundary lines. It is based on the origination and
marvels of the 21st Century. For example, youuse of legal boundary data, established over time
may have tried using the satellite images and theby the land surveying process. Surveying has legal
locating technology on Google Earth to zoom in onrequirements for the methods used to gather
your own property - and to zoom back out toinformation and the way it is represented.
see your tiny presence on this huge planet. TheSurveyors are required by law to meet standards
vast quantity of data, the capabilities offor experience and to pass examinations in order
processing that data and the instant gratificationto be licensed. These laws are, in effect,
of the internet have all come together to makeconsumer protection laws that ensure property
that exercise possible. Within a few years, werights and public safety.
may be able to use a GPS-enabled wristwatch toSome merging of survey data with GIS data is
find a location that is accurate to within thebeginning to occur, such as the practice by some
diameter of a pencil point, and to give you everymunicipalities of using survey principles to establish
detail about that point and on what parcel of landGIS reference points on maps. And land
it lies.surveyors are now using satellite-based positioning
It is tempting to conclude, therefore, that you willdevices for faster and more productive
also be able to download an extremely accuratemeasurements.
map of your property with the associated GISGIS databases are assembled from a variety of
data, thus eliminating surveys and costly propertyoften unknown sources, and the data can be out
line disputes forever. It's tempting, but untrue.of date. Addresses, the existence and locations of
Here's why.physical features, and zoning can change since the
Property lines are invisible on satellite images orGIS data was collected. Reliance on such data
three-dimensional topographic maps of the earth.carries some risk. Therefore, locating your
Those lines exist through a network of referenceproperty lines on the ground will still require the
points (usually markers or "monuments" buriedpreparation of a current survey from a reputable,
underground) and surface measurementsprofessional land surveyor.
between those points. This is what surveyors callIf you want to avoid potential conflicts with your
"ground evidence," or legal boundary data.adjacent property owners that might lead to
GIS is composed of hardware, software,litigation, a proper land survey provided under the
information and end users, from a variety ofduties and obligations of professional licensure is
sources and with varying degrees of accuracy.still your best insurance. If you are ever sued for
There are currently no legal standards at theencroachment of another's property, which can
state or national level to regulate the quality orbe a financial burden for most individuals or
uniformity of such data, or the methods used tobusinesses, a professionally prepared and sealed
accumulate it.land survey, based on the highly relevant legal
Property law has evolved over the past fewboundary data, is still an excellent defense.